Leather and Footwear Journal

Volume 10, no 2

Contents
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Change of the Foot Morphology Depending on the Plantar Surface 3D Capture Method
- Pages 5-18
  Daniel PETCU¹*, Hüseyin Ata KARAVANA², Gheorghe BERIJAN¹
  - ¹INCDTP - Division: Leather-Footwear Research Institute, ICPI, Bucharest, email: petcu.daniel@yahoo.com
  - ²Ege University Engineering Faculty, Leather Engineering Department
  ABSTRACT. Conservative treatment of foot pathomechanics implies the use of the medical devices such as orthopedic footwear and foot orthoses, based on medical prescription. Medical prescription is not so elaborated, leaving the decision regarding the choice of most design elements up to the pedorthist. Clinical gait analysis provides a number of essential data in designing process of these devices. An important element of the biomechanical examination is the determination of structural deformations of the foot and how these affect the gait. Foot morphology is determined by structural deformations that occur and may be influenced by the manner in which it is captured. Since the design process of medical devices starts from foot surface it is obvious that it will be influenced by how this surface will be captured. This paper represents a preliminary study on how the three-dimensional foot surface capturing method influences its morphology. The results show that foot morphology is influenced by the capture method used, this fact influencing the design process of medical devices. Continued research is necessary in order to quantify how much the foot morphology is influenced by the foot surface capture method.
  
  KEY WORDS: foot morphology, surface capture, orthopedic shoe, orthoses
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A Method to Approximate a Spatial Surface Using a Bézier Bi-Cubic Surface
- Pages 19-32
  Mariana DRISCU*
  - Gh. Asachi Technical University, Iasi, Faculty of Textile-Leather and Industrial Management, Section: Technology and design of leather and replacement products, 53 D-trie Mangeron St., Tex 6 building, Iasi-700050, email: mcocea@tex.tuiasi.ro
  ABSTRACT. The paper presents a method to approximate a suite of points, obtained through a digitizing process of a 3D shape, either concave or convex, limited by 4 3D curves, with a Bézier bi-cubic surface. In obtaining the method, the curves and Bézier bi-cubic surfaces have been defined as described below: - a 3D Bézier bi-cubic curve can be defined by using four control points, two of them fixed (called knots) and the other two placed on the tangents drawn from the curve to each knot (called control points); - a Bézier bi-cubic surface can be defined using 16 points placed as follows: 4 points are the limits of the curves that limit the surface (the knots), 12 points are placed on the tangents to the 4 marginal curves drawn from the knots and other 4 points are situated on the tangents from the knots to the surface (called surface control points). This paper presents the development of a new method for defining the control points on the tangents (to the group of points that define the marginal curves, and to the suite of points from the inner domain limited by the 4 curves) with the forming of that Bézier bi-cubic surface, whose maximum point passes through the maximum point of the initial point set.
  
  KEY WORDS: curve, surface, knot, tangent, point
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Optimizing the Density of Stitch at Assembling Leather Patterns
- Pages 33-48
  Cristian Constantin MATENCIUC*, Stan MITU, Marta Cătălina HARNAGEA, Ionuț DULGHERIU
  - Faculty of Textiles-Leather and Industrial Management, Iasi, emails: cmatenciuc@tex.tuiasi.ro, smitu@tex.tuiasi.ro, charnagea@tex.tuiasi.ro, idulgheriu@tex.tuiasi.ro
  ABSTRACT. The paper presents experimental researches on the density of stitch optimization for the leather patterns of clothes for women and men, leather goods etc. For this purpose the authors have created a database with experimental data regarding the load and the elongation at break corresponding to main assembling class, values that have been compared to the ones specific to reference samples, non-assembled through sewing. In order to introduce comparison elements, the database covers values and limits in correspondence to the material's thickness, the thread and needle fineness and the stitch. The connections result from the mathematical models obtained through 2D and 3D processing, from the bar charts and the graphics that allow comparative analysis and that highlight optimization elements. With view to the paper objectives, it can be appreciated that the graphics and the bar charts illustrate the limits of load and elongation at break; it results that the standard sample has values considered to be optimal for a density of 5 stitches/cm. This is confirmed as well by testing the mean parameters obtained through mathematical models.
  
  KEY WORDS: optimization, load at break, stitching, leather, 2D and 3D processing
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Grafted Chloroprene Elastomer for Ecologic Adhesive Nanodispersions Part II: Evaluating Adhesiveness of Ecologic Adhesive Nanodispersions Based on Grafted Chloroprene Elastomer
- Pages 49-60
  Laurenția ALEXANDRESCU¹*, Mihaela VȊLSAN¹, Minodora LECA², Zenovia MOLDOVAN²
  - ¹National Research & Development Institute for Textile and Leather - Division: Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu St., Sect. 3, 031215-Bucharest, Romania, email: icpi@icpi.ro, laura_alexandrescu@yahoo.com
  - ²University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., Sect. 3, 030018-Bucharest, Romania, email: z_moldovan@yahoo.com
  ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper was to obtain ecologic adhesive nanodispersions based on chloroprene elastomer grafted with functional chemical groups on the chain of the basic elastomer. The mechanical-chemical grafting technique has been experimented based on the chained radical mechanism of directed transformation of the structure and properties of the elastomer used in the study, namely chloroprene elastomer. Grafting on the structure of chloroprene rubber of functional groups was made by IR spectroscopy, and the results were presented in the first part of the paper [1]. Using this analysis technique allowed highlighting potential interactions between chloroprene rubber and grafting agent. In the second part of the paper, the evaluation of adhesiveness of ecologic adhesive nanodispersions based on elastomer grafted on supports with varied structures, specific to the footwear field, is presented. Dispersions obtained were tested rheologically, physically, mechanically, and in terms of peel resistance according to standards in force. As a result of performed tests, it has been proven that the grafting process optimized the adhesiveness of the chloroprene elastomer and enlarged its application area for the high temperature range, strictly for polyurethane-based adhesives.
  
  KEY WORDS: grafting, grafted polychloroprene, nanodispersions, adhesiveness
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Registered Mark - A Tool for Creating National and International Brands
- Pages 61-76
  Doina DIMONIE¹*, Ramona Marina COSEREA¹, Felicia ANDREI², Daniela TEODORESCU³, Raluca VOICU³
  - ¹ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, code 060021, Bucharest, Romania, email: ddimonie@rdslink.ro
  - ²SC Rompetrol Rafinare SA, DJ 226, Km. 23, Constanta, Romania
  - ³State Office for Inventions and Trademarks - OSIM, 5 Ion Ghica St., Sector 3, code 030044, Bucharest, Romania
  ABSTRACT. Trademark means a way to promote a product on the market, to conquer new sectors of the market, to keep the loyal clients of the company and to create a national and international brand. A mark can be opposed to another mark that belongs to a challenger, only after the registration at OSIM. The deposit confers to the first applicant a temporary right for goods and services requested in the application, that allows him to fight counterfeits or illegal imitations. Thus, the financial efforts for promotion of the owner of the mark to make his products public, cannot be used by challengers in an unfair way. The registered mark becomes an active element that can be evaluated or commercialized.
  
  KEY WORDS: trademark, protection, goods, market, company
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