Leather and Footwear Journal

Volume 21, no 1

Contents
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PORTRAYING FOOTWEAR CUSTOMER ENTER -STORE BEHAVIOR IN CHINA: BASED ON COMPUTER VISION TECHNOLOGY
- Pages 3-12
  Jingjing LI¹, Keyu HOU¹, Wei XU², Jin ZHOU^{1, 2}*
  - ¹Sichuan University, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Section of Chengdu No. 24 Southern Yihuan, 610065, Chengdu, China, 625368881@qq.com
  - ²Science Lab, Zhejiang Red Dragonfly Footwear Co., LTD., Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325100, Wenzhou, China, zj_scu@scu.edu.cn
  ABSTRACT. Existing studies on customer behavior lack quantitative and high efficiency study, their technologies rely heavily on hardware. Therefore, the information of consumers in offline stores was insufficient, which made enterprises unable to accurately track consumers. However, computer vision (CV) is an expert in identifying and tracking people’s behavior, and its function is suitable for investigating enter-store customer behavior. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop an offline consumer behavior portraying system based on CV. Then we used this system to investigate enter-store consumption behavior. We selected 71 shoe stores in China, then installed the system in store for a three-month data collection, and evaluated the impact of customer’s age, gender, enter time, and region factors on enter-store behavior in China. Through our system, we successfully study ways to improve the purchase conversion rate of enter-store consumers, which could guide enterprises to adjust better marketing and operation strategies.
  
  KEY WORDS: customer behavior, computer vision, off-line retailing, enter-store data collection
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DOWN THE SEWER: HOW SEMI-INFORMAL TANNERIES MANAGEMENT POLICIES AFFECT RESIDUAL WATER DISPOSAL IN COLOMBIAN BUSINESS SCENARIOS
- Pages 13-26
  Omar BORDA¹*, Gregorio PUELLO-SOCARRÁS²
  - ¹Teacher and Researcher at the Business Administration Programme UNIMINUTO, Calle 1 # 9 - 50 Bogotá-Colombia, omar.borda@uniminuto.edu
  - ²Teacher and Researcher at the Occupational Health and Safety Administration Programme UNIMINUTO, Calle 1 # 9 - 50 Bogotá-Colombia, gregorio.puello@uniminuto.edu
  ABSTRACT. In Colombia, the issue of waste discharges derived from the tanning process to water bodies is a scenario that has been widely documented. However, measurement exercises have failed to identify improvements in this process that integrates administrative knowledge with concepts of labor, social and environmental welfare. The present article is the culmination of research conducted within the framework of the project “Estudio comparativo de la administración y las repercusiones socio-ambientales en las empresas del sector de curtiembre. Case Bogotá (Barrio San Benito), Case Barranquilla and Case Villapinzón (Cundinamarca)” (Comparative study of the administration and the socio-environmental repercussions in tanning sector companies. Case Bogotá (Barrio San Benito), Case Barranquilla and Case Villapinzón (Cundinamarca)) concerning the administrative practices and the negative effects derived from the absence of management systems for negative externalities caused to the environment by companies in the tanning sector. The study was developed as follows: initially, a systematic documentary review of the laws, decrees and regulations that have a direct or indirect impact on the tanning sector was carried out, followed by field work using data collection instruments (questionnaires) in the San Benito neighborhood (Bogotá), in the town of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca) and in the city of Barranquilla (Atlántico), where there are formal and informal work clusters dedicated to the leather industry. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between administrative styles and formal processes of strategic planning activities development with the adoption of dumping control systems and other aspects related to environmental management, oriented to the organizational level. Based on the above, the information was analyzed with emphasis on those companies with a common denominator in their control strategies in relation to those policies that were the result of administrative and business practices and that finally led to the desired effects in the social, environmental and economic spheres. Finally, the discussion section focuses on the recognition of these good practices and the possibility that they could be replicated by other actors on the global level.
  
  KEY WORDS: strategic planning, regulations, socio-environmental effects
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ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF GLOVE AND HABERDASHERY SKIN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY ON THE ENVIRONMENT
- Pages 27-34
  Aigul KUDABAYEVA, Bekzhan ABZALBEKULY*
  - Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh. Dulaty, Ybyraym Suleimenov street 7, 080000 Taraz, Kazakhstan, bekontiru@mail.ru
  ABSTRACT. Results of calculation of ecological optimality for application technologies of using chrome-aluminium, chrome-titanium, chrome-aluminium-titanium of complex compounds for production of glove and haberdashery leather are given in the article. In semi-working conditions tanning processes of glove and haberdashery leather by ecologically harmless tanner were carried out at the corresponding parameters and expenses of chemical materials. The received integrated coefficients of waste lessen of production of glove and haberdashery leather showed that offered technologies are “conventionally waste-free”.
  
  KEY WORDS: glove and haberdashery leather, ways of tanning, ecologically safe tanner, waste-free technologies
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INTERACTION BETWEEN GELATIN AND NANO-SILVER PARTICLE: FOUNDATION FOR NANO-SILVER IN ANTIBACTERIAL LEATHER
- Pages 35-46
  Jinwei ZHANG^{1, 2}, Weite YANG¹, Yonghan WEN³, Hongbin SUN⁴, Guojun ZHU³, Wuyong CHEN^{1, *}
  - ¹Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P.R. China
  - ²Research institutes of leather and footwear industry of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
  - ³Guangdong Jiangmen Supervision Testing Institute of Quality and Metrology, Jiangmen 529000, P. R. China
  - ⁴Guangdong Shengfang Chemical Corporation, Jiangmen 529162, P. R. China
  ABSTRACT. In order to explain the interaction between collagen and nano-silver, gelatin solution was blended with nano-silver particles (AgNPs) with particle size 26 mm, and then the mixture was interacted under different time, pH and temperature. The changes in the process were measured by UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and FT-IR. The results showed that the main type of reaction between gelatin and AgNPs was electrostatic interaction and the interaction was diffusive encounters. The particle size and distribution of nano-silver would not be affected by gelatin, however, there was dynamic fluorescence quenching of gelatin after nano-silver particle induced. The longer time and lower pH were beneficial for the interaction process while the interaction balanced after 60 min and pH 3.0 resulted in the most drastic interaction. Moreover, nano-silver would not impair gelatin structure during the interaction process. In short, the results in this work might be a foundation and reference for applying nano-silver in antibacterial leather producing.
  
  KEY WORDS: gelatin, nano-silver, interaction process
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PRODUCTION PLANNING THROUGH LEAN MANUFACTURING AND MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING
- Pages 47-62
  José Israel HERNÁNDEZ VÁZQUEZ¹, Salvador HERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ^{1, *}, José Omar HERNÁNDEZ VÁZQUEZ¹, José Alfredo JIMÉNEZ GARCÍA², María del Rosario BALTAZAR FLORES³
  - ¹Ph.D. Program in Engineering Sciences, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de Celaya, México
  - ²Department of Industrial Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de Celaya, México
  - ³Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de León, México
  ABSTRACT. Production planning is one of the most important administrative decisions a company can make, as it involves achieving the lead times set by the customers while taking advantage of the resources the organization has. Over time, different strategies using mathematical models have been implemented in production planning, aimed at finding the best solution for optimizing the available resources. In recent years companies throughout the world have successfullly implemented Lean Manufacturing, aimed at improving their production processes and eliminating everything that does not add value to the product. This article exemplifies a new strategy for production planning, using basic concepts from Lean Manufacturing and mixed integer linear programming models by stages. We took a women’s footwear factory in the city of León, Guanajuato, México, as a case study. The results show that it is possible to get planning that optimizes the organization’s resources and shortens the products’ lead times by shrinking inventories, from a Lean Manufacturing perspective.
  
  KEY WORDS: production planning, lean manufacturing, mixed integer linear programming, footwear factory
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