Leather and Footwear Journal

Volume 19, no 2

Contents
- Contents PDF
Full issue
- Full issue
A novel shoe comfortability evaluation method to reflect recognition in nursing of diabetic foot among diabetes patients in southwest China
- Pages 91-98
  Mingyu HU¹, Xueling TAN¹, Quting HUANG¹, Yaoxia LIU³, Bo XU¹, Jin ZHOU¹, ²*
  - ¹National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
  - ²Science Lab, Zhejiang red dragonfly footwear Co., LTD., Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325100, P. R. China
  - ³West China School of clinical medicine, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
  ABSTRACT. Effective footwear and offloading interventions were recommended in the official guidance for diabetic foot (DF) management, where unfortunately the detail of shoes' definition was still unclear; meanwhile, in China, 0.1 billion population has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, but what kind of shoes worn by Chinese diabetic patients was unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a system to quantify the comfortability of shoes among DF patients, and based on this method conduct a random survey of shoe wearing situation in diabetes population in Sichuan province. 472 participants joined in this study and their shoes were defined as structure of shoes, upper materials, status of welt, heel height and thickness of sole. Each part of shoes was first quantified into scores; and then aggregated scores were calculated as the final assessment result for the shoes. Three levels reflecting the recognition of shoes from patients were classified into: discomfort; moderate comfort; comfort. Finally, a univariate analysis with least significant difference (LSD) was exerted in shoe wearing comfort for variables of age, gender, BMI, occupation, history of diabetes mellitus and Michigan score. Results show that numbers of elder and male patients wear comfort shoes were more than that of female and younger ones; meanwhile, those findings were recorded to be significant. Overall, comfortability quantification system was established and both gender and age factors determined the consciousness and knowledge in shoe wearing; thereby, our system was valid and shoes wearing education for female and younger diabetic patients are urgent.
  
  KEY WORDS: diabetic foot, diabetic shoes, comfortability evaluation, foot nursing, ulceration
  Read article
Fatliquoring potentials of sulphonated Hura crepitans L seed oil
- Pages 99-112
  Adachukwu NKWOR*¹, Pius UKOHA², Will WISE³, Karl FLOWERS³
  - ¹Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, adachukwu.nkwor@funai.edu.ng; adannkwor@yahoo.com
  - ²Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, pius.ukoha@unn.edu.ng
  - ³Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, The University of Northampton, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, NN2 7AL, Northampton, United Kingdom, will.wise@northampton.ac.uk, karl@authenticae.co.uk
  ABSTRACT. Fatliquors are oil-in-water emulsions required in leather processing for the purpose of leather lubrication. They ensure that the collagenic fibres do not stick together on drying and as a consequence make the leather flexible. In this work sulphonated oil with negligible inorganic salt content has been synthesised from Hura crepitans L. seed oil. Both the unsulphonated and sulphonated oils were characterized by DSC, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 13C NMR DEPT. The sulphonated oil and its blend with 7.5 % raw castor oil were applied onto light leather and compared with commercial fatliquor in the processing of shoe upper leather. The characteristics of the processed trial leathers were comparable with similar leathers made with commercially available fatliquors. This work raises the possibility of increasing the range of commercially viable, sustainable fatliquors in the leather industry.
  
  KEY WORDS: Hura crepitans L., fatliquor, leather, lubrication, sulphonated
  Read article
Method of sketch profiling with spline curves for footwear design
- Pages 113-122
  Vladyslava SKIDAN¹*, Tetyana NADOPTA², Olena MYTELSKA¹, Halyna YEFIMCHUK³, Iryna STETSIUK¹, Anzhelika YANOVETS³
  - ¹Kyiv National University of Technology and Design, Nemyrovych-Danchenko Str., build.2, 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine, e-mail: v.v_skidan@ukr.net
  - ²Khmelnytsky National University, Ukraine
  - ³Lutsk National Technical University, Ukraine
  ABSTRACT. The method of profiling sketches with spline curves with curvilinear guide paths is proposed in the work. The variants of possible combinations of types of spline sections are considered, all necessary variants of point positions for detection of a spline curve are given. The advantages of the developed method are the simplification of the design procedure of the proposed type of curves while providing more accurate representation of the real details, the mobility in controlling the shapes of curvilinear curves of sketch parts with a decrease in the order of the curve, including the curvature of different directions, which is in particular of first importance for all curves of the characteristic of shoe last sketches and conditional unfolding of the shoe last.
  
  KEY WORDS: method of profiling, sketch, spline, designing, footwear
  Read article
Methods used to manage defects related to vegetable tanned leather
- Pages 123-130
  Jennifer Tabi SEFAAH*, Eric Apau ASANTE, Kwadwo Fosu DUAKO
  Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology, College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
  
  ABSTRACT. Leather surface quality is vital when it comes to leather artifact production. Users of the locally produced vegetable tanned leather adopt various methods to manage and improve on the poor surface quality of leather produced in Ghana. Students from the various secondary schools and local craftsmen who often depend on the vegetable tanned leather for it inherits unique properties such as flexibility, resilience, breathability, perspiration, durability and mechanical strength adopt various methods to improve on the surface quality and also meet the market standard. The necessity for quality leather surface in leather artefact production has called for the need for corrective measures to manage defects associated with vegetable tanned leathers produced in Ghana. Stains, cuts, holes, grain loosing, creases, wrinkles, scratch marks, bacterial and viral infections are common defects which affect the quality of vegetable tanned leathers produced in Ghana. Defect managing methods such as dyeing, painting, screen printing, stamping, applique, and scorching adopted by leather users to manage surface defects were examined for their viability in this current study.
  
  KEY WORDS: vegetable tanned leather, defects, managing methods, viability
  
  Read article
Rigid antimicrobial polymeric composite with PVC matrix and ZnO and TiO₂ functionalized nanoparticles
- Pages 131-140
  Laurentia ALEXANDRESCU*, Mihai GEORGESCU, Maria SONMEZ, Dana GURAU, Roxana CONSTANTINESCU
  - INCDTP - Division: Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu St., sector 3, Bucharest, Romania, laurentia.alexandrescu@icpi.ro, laura_alexandrescu@yahoo.com
  ABSTRACT. In this paper, rigid antimicrobial polymeric nanocomposites were developed - polymeric material based on chemically functionalized nanoparticles with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) - dispersed in a plastomer matrix. By dispersing them in plastomer matrix (polyvinyl chloride - PVC), hybrid TiO₂/ZnO nanoparticles (50:50) (fillers) functionalized for good compatibility have led to the development of an advanced polymeric material with antibacterial, multifunctional and processing properties specific to plastics. Experimental polymeric materials are adapted to biomedical and food applications, therefore, they were tested for stability and long-term antimicrobial activity. The combined effects of functionalised nanoparticles and polymer on the structure and properties of new experimental materials were studied. Experimental nanocomposites were morpho-structurally, microbiologically and physico-mechanically characterized.
  
  KEY WORDS: nanocomposite, antibacterial, functionalized, rigid
  Read article
The collagen state within the parchment after influence of artificial aging
- Pages 141-148
  Nataliia RAKSHA¹, Tetiana HALENOVA¹, Tetiana VOVK¹, Olexiy SAVCHUK¹, Olga ANDREYEVA², Anna NIKONOVA², Tetiana KOLESNYK²
  - ¹ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine" of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine, olexiy.savchuk@ukr.net
  - ²Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 2, Nemirovich-Danchenko Str., Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine, annavnikonova@gmail.com
  ABSTRACT. The study examines the influence of artificial aging on the stability of collagen within the parchments. Aging of the parchments was generated by heating at 70℃ in a dry oven for 72 h as well as by keeping the parchment samples in the solution of artificial sweat. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography were utilised to investigate the state of proteins within the parchment samples after exposure to heating and artificial sweat. The study has shown that the accelerated aging of the parchment results in marked change of protein and peptide concentrations, release of collagen chains, as well as leads to the alteration in the peptide compositions.
  
  KEY WORDS: parchment, collagen, accelerated aging, electrophoresis, chromatography
  Read article